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| Carroll v. United States, No. 15,
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, March 2, 1925, Decided
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Overview: The court affirmed defendants' convictions for transporting, in a vehicle, intoxicating spirituous liquor. Defendants argued that the warrantless search of their vehicle violated their rights under U.S. Const. IV and that the intoxicating liquor seized should not have been admitted at trial. On review, the court found that the main purpose of ¿ 26 of the National Prohibition Act, 41 Stat. 305, was seizure and forfeiture, and it was not so much the owner as the property that offended. The court held that the right to search and the validity of the seizure were not dependent on the right to arrest, but were dependent on the reasonable cause the seizing liquor agents had for their belief that the contents of defendant's automobile were illegal. The court found that the evidence showed that the agents had ample reason to believe defendants' vehicle contained illegal liquor because defendants were known to transport liquor in that vehicle, were recognized by the agents, and were on a route known for illegal liquor traffic. Those circumstances provided sufficient probable cause to search the vehicle.
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| Pierce v. Soc'y of Sisters, Nos. 583, 584,
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, June 1, 1925
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Overview: Appellee private primary schools filed actions against appellant public officials, challenging the constitutionality of the Compulsory Education Act (Act), 1922 Or. Laws ¿ 5259, under U.S. Const. amend. XIV and seeking to enjoin its enforcement. The Act mandated that all normal children aged 8 to 16 years old attend public school. Appellees asserted that their enrollments were declining as a result of the Act. The district court entered an order enjoining appellants from enforcing the Act and appellants sought review in consolidated appeals. The court affirmed, ruling that the inevitable practical result of enforcing the Act was the destruction of appellees' primary schools and perhaps all other private primary schools for normal children within the state. The Act unreasonably interfered with the liberty of parents and guardians to direct the upbringing and education of their children. Although appellees were corporations, they could claim constitutional protection for their business and property. They sought protection against a present and real threat of injury from the arbitrary, unreasonable, and unlawful interference with their patrons and injunctive relief was proper.
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